A Review to Identify the Gaps in Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Services in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Nigeria has the second largest burden of maternal to child transmission of HIV (MTCT) in the world at a rate of 30% and has the largest burden of paediatric HIV infection globally at the rate of 10%. Effective prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) can drastically reduce the paediatric HIV infection to 2%. However, recent evidence reveals yawning gaps in the PMTCT services in Nigeria, where out of estimated 9.2 million pregnancies, only about 3 million received HIV counselling and testing (HCT). This review is to unravel the unmet needs for PMTCT of HIV services in Nigeria. Methods: Keywords from objectives of review are MTCT and PMTCT which were used to search for related literatures through online libraries of national and international journals; Medline and PubMed including google. 62 related literatures/studies were initially generated and then narrowed down to 19 literatures were selected which met the inclusion criteria- less than 10 year and related to objective of review. Findings: There are unmet needs for PMTCT of HIV services in Nigeria due to challenges like low HCT/PMTCT service uptake (35.5%), low HCT/PMTCT service delivery facilities (27%), low ANC (58%) and low (35%) delivery in formal health setting. Conclusion: PMTCT target in Nigeria has not been met. Regular training of existing health workforce including the TBAs and the adoption of the recommendations for an HIV-free generation will bridge the HCT / PMTCT of HIV services gap identified in this review.