Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shows considerable biological heterogeneity in clinical behaviour and prognosis. Conventional histopathological grading remains important but may not fully reflect tumour aggressiveness or the systemic immune-inflammatory status o...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2312
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst characterised by histopathological features that frequently overlap with those of other odontogenic and non-odontogenic lesions, thereby complicating diagnosis. The lesion exhibits morphological simila...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2313
An additional canal is one of the many anatomical variations that may occur in the root canal system. Comprehensive knowledge of root canal anatomy is a crucial factor in achieving successful endodontic treatment. In mandibular first molars with the possible presence of a fifth c...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2311
Background and Objectives: Titanium surface photofunctionalization using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has emerged as a promising adjunct to conventional implant protocols. This study aimed to evaluate and compare early osseointegration between photofunctionalized and non-photofun...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2309
Heavy metal contamination poses an enduring and increasingly urgent public health challenge. Mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and several other metals occur widely in terrestrial and aquatic environments as a consequence of both natural geological processes and expanding anthropo...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2310
Successful endodontic treatment relies on accurate diagnosis and thorough management of the entire root canal system, especially in teeth with anatomical variations. Maxillary first premolars are known for their complex root canal morphology, and the presence of three roots and t...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2308
Background: Primary school teachers play a key role in shaping children’s health behaviours, including oral hygiene practices. Adequate oral health knowledge among teachers can contribute to early prevention of dental diseases and promotion of healthy habits among school-aged chi...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2307
Background: Resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) represent a minimally invasive solution for replacing missing anterior teeth. The evolution of ceramic materials, particularly lithium disilicate, combined with digital CAD-CAM workflows has significantly enhanced the clin...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2306
Periodontitis is a dysbiosis-driven chronic inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting structures that extends its pathological influence well beyond the oral cavity. Over the past decade, the oral–gut microbial translocation axis has emerged as a biologically compelling...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i2305
Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst of the jaws with an uncertain etiology. Formerly considered a variant of the odontogenic keratocyst, OOC is now recognized as a distinct pathological entity because of its characteristic histopatholo...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ijrrd/2026/v9i1304