Ammonia Toxicity in Bivalve Molluscs: A Review
Victoria Tripathy, Yashaswi Nayak, E. M. Chhandaprajnadarsini, P.K. Tiwari & Shailesh Saurabh · Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology · 2026
Ammonia is a major toxicant of concern in aquaculture systems, originating from anthropogenic inputs such as excessive feeding, sewage discharge, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents. In aquatic environments, ammonia exists as ionized ammonium (NH₄⁺) and un-ionized ammon...
Open access
Research Article
10.9734/jabb/2026/v29i23629