Developing English-speaking skills among primary-school pupils in Tanzania is shaped by multilingual classroom practices, access to instructional resources, teacher capacity and opportunities for meaningful oral interaction. This study examined the challenges faced by primary-sch...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jesbs/2026/v39i51520
Communicative language teaching has been adopted as the official orientation of English language curricula across much of sub-Saharan Africa, yet the conditions that the approach presupposes are frequently absent from the classrooms in which it is mandated. Tanzania presents a de...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajess/2026/v52i93282
This paper reports on the Jolly Phonics in-service training programme conducted by the Tanzania Institute of Education, in collaboration with Jolly Learning Ltd, across all 23 district and municipal councils in four regions of Tanzania: Arusha, Tabora, Iringa, and Rukwa, from 5 M...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajl2c/2026/v9i3342