Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi

Molecular Evolution, Codon Usage Bias, and Population Differentiation of the E2 Gene in Classical Swine Fever Virus

Sharanagouda Shiddanagouda Patil, Jayaramareddy Harish, Ganesh Kothapete Ramakrishna, Bisalere Puttappa Maruthi Prasad, Kuralayanapalya Puttahonnappa Suresh, Jagadish Hiremath & Shivasharanappa Nayakvadi · Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology · 2026

Codon usage bias reflects the interplay between mutational pressure and translational selection, influencing viral fitness and host adaptation. A comprehensive dataset of Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) sequences was retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database. Analysis of 568 gl...