Shashi Kala

Canopy Management in Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) Orchards: Principles, Physiological Basis, Training Systems and Prospects with Special Reference to Himachal Pradesh, India

Arun Kumar, Durga Prasad Bhandari, Rajesh Kumar & Shashi Kala · Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology · 2026

Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is cultivated on 1,16,338 ha in Himachal Pradesh, producing 5,02,948 MT and accounting for 77.6 per cent of the state's total fruit output, with an average productivity of 4.32 MT ha⁻¹. Kinnaur district contributes 96,636 MT from 10,937 ha, corres...