The Effect of Irrigation Water Quality, Oil Residue Pollution Levels, and the Interaction between them on the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Crop
Sanaa Khadem Abdul-Amir Al-Rubaie · Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International · 2026
A greenhouse field trial was conducted in the Al-Hussayniya district of Karbala Governorate, Iraq, during 2025 to investigate the effects of irrigation water quality and oil residue contamination on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. Kuban. The experiment evaluated three irriga...
Open access
Research Article
10.9734/jaeri/2026/v27i4771