Samuel Ngum

Substandard and Falsified Medicines in West and Central Africa: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Detection Methods, and Regulatory Gaps

Samuel Ngum, Gerald Ngo Teke, Signang Alberic Ndonku, Mary Bi Suh Atanga, Estella Achick Tembe-Fokunang & Charles Fokunang · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · 2025

Introduction: Substandard, falsified, unlicensed, and unregistered medicines pose a significant threat to public health, particularly in West and Central Africa, where weak regulatory frameworks and informal pharmaceutical markets facilitate their widespread distribution. This sy...