Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a progressive joint disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage, joint bone hypertrophy, subchondral sclerosis, and chemical and morphological alterations in the synovial membrane and joint capsule. Stiffness, soreness, and focused disloca...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i39A32166
Background: The misdiagnosis rate for mood disorders is high. Psychiatric literature is in much need of a more objective and quantitative tool for the investigation of mood disorders. Although SPECT has been previously used in research for the understanding of the neuroscience be...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i39A32149
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a pathophysiologic process characterised by a decrease in nephron number and function, which often leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Serum plasma cystatin C is a new test for determining kidney function. Its accuracy in determini...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i39A32147
Background: The thyroid gland is a major endocrine gland in the body that is located in the front of the neck. Thyroid disorders cause problems on kidney function in a variety of ways. Hyperthyroidism causes an increase in both RBF and GFR. The expression of cardiac beta-adrenerg...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i37B32045
Background: Urolithiasis i.e. stone firming disease in the urinary passages is one of the frequently encountered diseases in man. Perhaps the disease is as ancient as the man himself as has been revealed by the archaeological excavation done in different parts of the world such a...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i37A32000
Introduction: Cigarette smoke increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke are also examples of ischaemic heart disease. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 su...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i36A31943
Adhesive capsulitis more commonly periarthritis of shoulder is a common condition characteristic by pain, stiffness and restricted range of motion leading to difficulty in household activities, overhead reach and complexity in daily activities. This condition affects around two m...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i38A32059