Formulation of Bio-based Aqueous Digital Inks using Palm Kernel Oil and Jatropha Oil-derived Ethoxylates: Rheology, Dispersion Stability, and Print Performance
Ojile Dale Ojo, Ekpunobi Uche Eunice & Okeke Abuchi Princewill · Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews · 2026
This study evaluated aqueous digital inks formulated with nonionic ethoxylated surfactants derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and Jatropha oil. The surfactants, previously optimised by fatty-alcohol ethoxylation, had hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values of 11.0 and 10.8, respect...