The geometry of curved ‘three-dimensional’ absolute intrinsic metric space (an absolute intrinsic Riemannian metric space) \(\varnothing\hat{\mathbb{M}}^3\), which is curved (as a curved hyper-surface) toward the absolute time/absolute intrinsic time ‘dimensions’ (along the verti...
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Research Article10.9734/psij/2021/v25i1030287
Two classes of three-dimensional metric spaces are identified. They are the conventional three-dimensional metric space and a new ‘three-dimensional’ absolute intrinsic metric space. Whereas an initial flat conventional proper metric space IE′3 can transform into a curved three-d...
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Research Article10.9734/psij/2021/v25i1030284
Coexisting four universes in separate four-dimensional spacetimes constitute four-world background for the special theory of relativity (SR) in each universe, as developed in previous papers. The fact that the four universes exhibit perfect symmetry of state and perfect symmetry...
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Research Article10.9734/psij/2021/v25i230243
The appropriate placements of the four-dimensional spacetimes of different universes make their coexistence possible, such that corresponding points in spacetimes within the universes are not separated in space or time. The corresponding points do not touch, because they are poin...
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Research Article10.9734/psij/2020/v24i1230229
The exposition of the two-world background of the special theory of relativity started in the first part of this paper is continued in this second part. The negative sign of mass in the negative universe is derived from the generalized mass expression in special relativity (SR) i...
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Research Article10.9734/psij/2020/v24i930215
A new spacetime is isolated and added to the existing spacetime, yielding a pair of co-existing spacetimes, which are four-dimensional inversions of each other. The separation of the spacetimes by the special-relativistic event horizon, compels an interpretation of a pair of symm...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/psij/2020/v24i830209