Mustapha Ismail

Explainable Adaptive Metaheuristic Optimization for Feature Selection in Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Review of Transparent and Effective AI Approaches

Mohammed Raihanatu Hamid, Mustapha Ismail & Muhammad Kabir Ahmed · International Research Journal of Oncology · 2026

Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide, and computer-aided diagnostic systems built on machine learning have become central to early detection efforts. A persistent obstacle to clinical adoption is the tension between predictive accur...