Mirza Zeeshan Afzal

Trimethylamine N-Oxide: A Dual-function Compound at the Intersection of Gut Microbiota Metabolism and Systemic Disease

Ali Danish Alvi, Ye Zhao, Zaid Iqbal, Muhammad Abubakar, Mirza Zeeshan Afzal & Arslan Habib · Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2025

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a dietary metabolite at the intersection of microbiota metabolism and host response. Chronically elevated TMAO has been associated with negative outcomes in cardiovascular, renal, and neurological disease and, at physiological levels, appears to s...