Solar wind–magnetosphere coupling governs the transfer of energy from the solar wind into the Earth's magnetosphere and plays a fundamental role in space weather processes. This study investigates the occurrence of different geomagnetic activity classes defined by Legrand & S...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/psij/2026/v30i4954
This article focuses on determining VTEC and STEC values at any geographic location. This determination is achieved not through satellite data, but via a robust theoretical framework. The method employed involved developing a formula for electron volume density. This density is...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/cjast/2026/v45i64700
Ionospheric scintillation is a phenomenon of rapid and irregular fluctuations in the intensity of radiofrequency signals passing through the ionosphere. It generally arises from interactions between GNSS signals and irregularities in the ionospheric plasma. These interactions can...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/cjast/2026/v45i14650