The Comparison of Efficacy and Safety between Intramuscular and Topical Testosterone for Pediatric Hypospadias
Indrayudha Pramono · Journal of Scientific Research and Reports · 2026
Introduction: Preoperative testosterone administration in children with hypospadias can help the penis reach an optimal size, facilitating surgery. However, some literature reports varying effectiveness between intramuscular and topical testosterone administration. This study aim...
Open access
Research Article
10.9734/jsrr/2026/v32i13888