Attenuation of Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurological Deficit in Tramadol Use by Co-administration with Ribena Drink and Vitamin E in Male Wistar Rats
Igben Onoriode Vincent_Junior, Isibor Anwuli Promise, Okoro Ogheneyebrorue Godswill, Isioma Cynthia Nwaokoro, Obohwemu Oberhiri Kennedy, Kaine Omashim Oluwakemi, Egwunyenga Michael Oge, George Kelvin Nkem, Nicholas Asiwe, Osadjere Oghenekevwe Sonia, Obie Rukevwe, Anthonia Oshaye Uku, John Chinedu Obianke & Eboka Olisaemeka Ifechukwude · Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2025
Tramadol appears to exert its analgesic effect by binding to the μ‑opioid receptor (MOR) and modulating the noradrenergic, serotonergic activities as a serotonin‑norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and also, gamma‑aminobutyric acid (GABA) ‑ergic system. These multiple effects on d...