This study investigates the multidimensional nature of poverty and its spatial distribution across 33 districts and cities in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Using a combination of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-Means clustering, the research identifies key socioeconomic fact...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/sajsse/2025/v22i71073
This research employs a qualitative approach to explore in-depth insights into the implementation of the government livestock assistance program in Humbang Hasundutan Regency. Through this approach, data is obtained from field observations, interviews with recipient farmers, and...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/acri/2024/v24i1618
This study evaluates the post-revitalization performance of Doloksanggul People’s Market (Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra) by combining field observation, trader and market-manager interviews, document review, and spatial mapping of market zones. Quantitative indicators...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajarr/2026/v20i11264
This study investigates the effects of district road rehabilitation on vehicle operating costs (VOC) and accessibility in Garoga Subdistrict, North Tapanuli Regency, Indonesia—a region facing critical rural transport challenges. Guided by a positivist research philosophy and empl...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/sajsse/2025/v22i71093