Groundwater Contamination by Iron, Manganese, and Antimony in the Bangéli Canton (Northern Togo): Speciation, Seasonal Mobility, and Health Risk Assessment
Nitale M’Balikine Krou, Ogouvidé Akpaki, Bissang Toyi, Kwamivi N. Ségbéaya & Gnon Baba · Chemical Science International Journal · 2026
Background: Borehole groundwater is the primary source of drinking water in Bangéli canton, northern Togo, but increasing contamination by iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and antimony (Sb), partly linked to geological conditions and past mining activities, raises concerns about water...
Open access
Research Article
10.9734/CSJI/2026/v35i31036